Darfur: Progress Report #4

PROGRESS REPORT #4: Genocide in Darfur

Progress Report #1: Group #2: Jessica Parkman, Maeve Mallozzi-Kelly, Becky Seward, Brooke Johaningmeyer, Jacques Poirier,Colleen Wethern

Darfur/Genocide

Our topic is on Darfur and genocide in general. We plan on developing our action campaign by looking at pre-existing organizations on genocide/Darfur who are actually putting forth effort to help the cause.  Our group will utilize a lot of internet resources such as video clips, electronic databases, other action campaign websites, and other useful websites like “the convention of genocide”.  We established that we are separating our group into two smaller groups. One group will focus on researching and putting together information on the history of Darfur/genocide while the other group will focus on coming up with resolutions to help stop genocide. The history group with include Jessica, Jacques, and Colleen, and the resolution group will include Brooke, Becky, Maeve, and Jennifer.

We will try to answer the following questions: What is the history of Darfur and genocide in general? What are the origins of genocide? How is genocide still effecting people within different areas of the world such as darfur, rwanda, bosnia, etc.? What efforts have been taken to stop genocide thus far? What can we do now to help stop genocide?

            During our meeting, we came up with some ideas that will help us develop an effective campaign. We thought about getting the class involved during our presentation by separating them into a few different countries to make them critically think about the issue at hand.  After we have presented them information on how genocide is affecting people to this day. We want to obtain feedback, from the individuals within the different countries, on whether they agree or disagree with their countries views on genocide. Also we had an idea on focusing our action campaign on one issue so we can narrow in on such a broad topic. Finally, the last ideas we established were about how we could get people to take action on genocide. We came up with protesting for  stronger regulations on what the UN considers to be genocide, and we would like people to think about providing funds to private organizations that will go into countries to help stop genocide.  We have yet to determine whether we will use all of these ideas or not.

Progress Report #2

Working Bibliography

Brenzvideos. "The Devil Came On Horseback." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Sept. 2010. Web. 14 Sept. 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPOyl7BLO10.

"Convention on Genocide." Convention on Genocide. The United Nations General Assembly, 16 Aug. 1994. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. http://www.hrweb.org/legal/genocide.html.

Mayroz, Eyal. "The Legal Duty to 'Prevent': After the Onset of 'Genocide'" Genocide Research 14.1 (2012): 79-98. OneSearch@IU. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. http://ehis.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.indiana.edu/eds/detail?vid=2&hid=109&sid=377ff263-039d-4675-95cc-6f037868c55e%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=71882017.

Mills, Brendon J. "How to End the Genocide in Darfur and Why It Won't Happen." 89.4 (2009): 80-87. OneSearch@IU. Web. 12 Sept.2012. http://ehis.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.indiana.edu/eds/detail?sid=041fd5d023e345bbade7b47700bd1e88%40sessionmgr4&vid=1&hid=2&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=f5h&AN=43251486.

"The Darfur Activism Group." Darfur Activism Group. Newsvine.com, Spring 2012. Web. 22 Sept. 2012. http://darfur.newsvine.com/.

We have also decided on a more specific way to incorporate a class discussion into our presentation. The history group will split the class up in three major countries: America, China, and Russia (China and Russia still supply Darfur with ammunition and guns to kill people) and then give the groups a background of what their countries think about genocide and how they reacted to it. Then we will tie this into our action campaign and we will try to convenience them to act to help stop violence completely and help improve the quality of life of refugees. We are trying to, see at the end, if they will change their opinions and act against what their countries are doing to the people and Darfur. We also thought about making handouts of what their countries think so they have something to look at during our presentation.

Progress Report #3

Jacques Poirier

         I have gathered information from a few articles which I found to be very unique. One of which I used for a project last year in my I-100 class during a Darfur discussion in my lecture hall. MY focus for my part in the action campaign group, is to find and put together history of the Darfur crisis so that we can connect the past to modern situations and applicably fix the regions cultural, social, and violent issues. This first article that I have posted is called, "Timeline, Darfur Crisis." IT gives a very general "points to facts" view of the Darfur crisis. IT gives a summary between 2003- 2010 of the culturally dividing issues tearing Northern and Southern Sudan apart. Everything from major rebel attacks to Janjaweed skirmishes are listed. In the second source I have listed, it is a book called "A Short History of  a Long War." I read this book several years ago, and just recently re-read it to refresh my memory. It was published in 2006, so it is not completely up to date, but gives valid points on not only the political and cultural biases for each sides motivation for fighting the war and involving themselves with genocide, but also a personal perspective from a soldier working under the government of Sudan and a Journalist who go side by side documenting everything they see. It is from a ground level up perspective of the real situation from two individuals directly in the cross fire of the genocide. The third article was called, "A New History of a Long War." It sections out different categories of the crisis into the Political structure, the cultural structure and the 30 year struggle over control for the now split nation into two separate states of Northern and Southern Sudan.

Jessica Parkman

I have been looking up multiple resources trying to find the most accurate history on Darfur-genocide. I am apart of the history portion of our group project. I believe I have come up with some credible sources such as the United Nations, darfur action campaign groups, and sudan tribune. I have found current information on  what is going on in darfur, as well as, history going back to the first issues that occured in the 1970's. We are going to establish a time line so I have been trying to find key turning points in the issues of Darfur. The one thing I found interesting when reading the articles was that China and Russia were supplying ammunition and weapons to the Sudan government knowing what they were doing with the equipment.

Here are the sources I have found thus far:

http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article11445

http://www.savedarfur.org/pages/primer

http://www.the-ethic.org/darfurbackground.htm

http://www.un.org/News/dh/dev/scripts/darfur_formatted.htm

http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genocide-in-sudan.htm

Jennifer Bellio

For our project we wanted to focus somewhat on the refugee problem that is now going on in Darfur.  I am doing research on the newly establish Republic of South Sudan, the peace agreements they have entered into and trying to figure out why many refugees feel it is still not safe to return home.  Below are some site I have found to help explain this, sites about the government itself as well as the peace treaties it has entered into.

http://www.gossmission.org/goss/images/cca.pdf

http://www.gossmission.org/goss/images/Documents/interior%20press%20release0001.pdf

http://www.goss.org/

http://unmis.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=515

Maeve Mallozzi-Kelley

My responsibility for the Darfur project is to research why the UN became concerned about Genocide and how they’ve been implementing their legislation on the issue ever since. I may use some specific examples of other cases of genocide and compare them to the one in Darfur so the class will understand why the UN acted differently in different situations. I will use Rwanda, because the class is already familiar with that example, and Cambodia, because I’m assuming not many people know much about this situation. I’ve already looked at a few articles, both academic and popular, about the situations surrounding both of these Genocides, one of which was John Mueller’s article “The Banality of ‘Ethnic War’”. This article is really helpful in understanding the difficulty in defining genocide especially in regards to what happened in Rwanda. Along with this research I have also looked at the “ Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide” and intend on including key points in the power point and focusing on how the UN either honors them or not and why.

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

Information each person will present:

Jacques Poirier – Politics of Oil in Sudan

Colleen Wethern – Ethnicity

Jessica Parkman – Desertification and Refugee Camp Issues

Becky Seward – UN’s Roles and US Role’s in Darfur

Maeve Mallozzi-Kelley – UN’s Definition of genocide, and Steps to label it as genocide

Jennifer Bellio – Government Peace Treaties, and why government is still blocking aid

Brooke Johaningmeyer – Specific refugee camps such as Chad and Ethiopia, and reasons why can’t go home yet

 Overall Outline

• UN definition of Genocide
• Maeve- general UN prevention
• Challenge- history
• Causes of Darfur Genocide:
• Colleen – Ethnicity
• Jacques – Oil
• Jessica – Desertification and problems in the IDP camps
• Turning point- what’s going on now
• What’s happening with refugees –Brooke
• Refugee camps
• US and UN role in Darfur- Becky 
• Sudanese government- Jennifer
• Some have been convicted, some won’t be
• Action Campaign
• Government Trials - Jennifer
• Criminal investigations into those responsible
• Government blocking foreign aid
• Save Darfur- Maeve
• Desertification- Jessica

 Bibliography

Adami, Tom A. "Future Perfect? Peacekeeping, Peacebuilding and Archives- the United Nations in Sudan." Journal of the Society of Archivists 30 (2009): 3-26. Web.

"Aid Still Required - Projects: Darfur." Aid Still Required - Projects: Darfur. Aid Still Required, 2008. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://aidstillrequired.org/darfur>.

Besliu, Raluca. "Op-Ed: Aid Still Blocked in Sudan's South Kordofan and Blue Nile Regions." Digital Journal (2012): n. pag. Web. <http://digitaljournal.com/article/335187>.

"CHAD: Darfur’s Forgotten Refugees." IRIN Africa. IRIN, 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.irinnews.org/Report/96074/CHAD-Darfur-s-forgotten-refugees>.

Chad." UNHCR -. The UN Refugee Agency, 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e45c226.html>.

CollectiveMotions. "Sudan Reforestation Initiative." YouTube. YouTube, 18 Feb. 2009. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImkORp8XCcU>.

"Convention on Genocide." Convention on Genocide. The United Nations General Assembly, 16 Aug. 1994. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. http://www.hrweb.org/legal/genocide.html.

"Darfur Peace Agreement." USA.gov. US Department of State, 8 May 2006. <http://web.archive.org/web/20080220140754/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/65972.htm>.

"Darfur-Sudan." Women Under Siege. Michele Lent Hirsch, Feb.-Mar. 2012. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org/conflicts/profile/darfur-sudan>.

"Doha Agreement Could Actually Worsen Chances for Peace in Darfur." The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 19 July 2011. <http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/Africa-Monitor/2011/0719/Doha-agreement-could-actually-worsen-chances-for-peace-in-Darfur>.

Embassy of the Republic of South Sudan Washington, D.C. South Sudan and Sudan Sign a Comprehensive Cooperation Agreement. N.p., 27 Sept. 2012. http://www.gossmission.org/goss/images/cca.pdf

Flounders, Sara. "Global Research." The U.S. Role in Darfur, Sudan. International Action Center, 6 June 2006. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. <http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-u-s-role-in-darfur-sudan/2592>.

Heart-wrenching Interview with Girl from Nuba, Sudan (July 2012). YouTube. YouTube, 23 Aug. 2012. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmfTAydFv9Q>.

Herholdt, Cathy. "Going Home: Helping IDPs in Chad Move From Dependency to Self-Reliance." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 25 June 2012. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/cathy-herholdt/sahel-self-reliance_b_1623301.html>.

I Was Here (United Nations World Humanitarian Day Performance). Perf. Beyoncé. YouTube. YouTube, 18 Aug. 2012. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i41qWJ6QjPI.

Ivan. "Darfur in 10 Minutes: An Overview of the Conflict in Sudan." Video blog post. Youtube. Ed. Pete McCormack. N.p., 25 Feb. 2008. Web. Oct. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USLDoIiFzzg&feature=related>.

McKenzie, David, and Alexander Felton. "25,000 People Flee Darfur Refugee Camp amid Fighting, U.N. Says - CNN.com." CNN. Cable News Network, 10 Aug. 2012. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/10/world/africa/sudan-darfur-refugees/index.html>.

Ministry of Interior. Status of Sudanese Nationals in the Republic of South Sudan. N.p., 10 Apr. 2012. <http://www.gossmission.org/goss/images/Documents/interior%20press%20release0001.pdf>.

"Natural Disasters and Desertification." Natural Disasters and Desertification (n.d.): 58-69. Print.

"Office of The Special Adviser on The Prevention of Genocide." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/adviser/>.

"OIL SITUATION STILL UNSOLVED | SUDAN FACES." SUDAN FACES | News and Views on Sudan. 4 Oct 2011. Web. 25 Oct 2012. <http://sudanfaces.wordpress.com/2011/10/04/oil-situation-still-unsolved/>.

"Providing Aid to Sudanese Refugees in Ethiopia." Doctors Without Borders. N.p., 20 Sept. 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/news/article.cfm?id=6318>.

Reeves, Eric. "Genocide in Darfur - How the Horror Began." Sudan Tribune. N.p., 3 Sept. 2005. Web. Sept. 2012. <http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article11445>.

"Sudan: The Oil Drums of War." Oil Prices & Energy News: Crude Oil Price Charts, Investment Advice. 13 Apr 2012. Web. 29 Oct 2012. <http://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/Africa/Sudan-The-Oil-Drums-of-War.html>.

"Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan." Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan. Web. 29 Oct 2012. <http://www.sudantribune.com/+-Oil-in-Sudan,037-+>.

"Sudan." UNHCR. United Nations, 2012. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e483b76.html>.

The United Nations and Darfur: Fact Sheet. Publication. N.p.: Peace and Security Section of the United Nations Department of Public Information, 2007.

United Nations. General Assembly. UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. http://www.un.org/en/ga/about/index.shtml.

United Nations. Security Council. Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General. Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1564 of 18 September 2004, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. http://www.un.org/news/dh/sudan/com_inq_darfur.pdf.

"World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance-Google Public Data Explorer." World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance-Google Public Data Explorer. World Bank, 6 Sept. 2012. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_>.